Participants demonstrated decreased peak vertical ground-reaction force, decreased knee valgus moment and hip abduction moment, and increased knee flexion angle, hip flexion angle, and hip abduction angle after the feedback protocol. Specifically, Herman and colleagues 4 evaluated the relevant effects of a strength training protocol with feedback on the performance of a horizontal DVJ maneuver. 14,15,22 Pairing feedback-driven plyometrics with accessory training exercises in a periodized strength and conditioning program can be utilized to develop areas of weakness relative to the previously identified deficits. Real-time feedback during a tuck jump may prevent knee injury and has implications for the improvement of skill development. 17 The deficiencies that can be observed include ligament dominance, quadriceps dominance, leg dominance/residual injury deficits, trunk dominance, and technique deficits. Biomechanical deficiencies can be identified in a simplified screening of a tuck jump maneuver ( Figure 1), which can support the assessment of movement deficits that relate to predictors for ACL injuries in young athletes. However, 3D assessments and innovative biofeedback training require dedicated laboratories that may limit widespread dissemination of those modalities. 6,16,19,20 In addition, laboratory-based measures can be used to identify high-risk athletes and provide targeted biofeedback modalities, which can be effective in targeting neuromuscular control deficits. 1 Three-dimensional (3D) analysis of a drop vertical jump (DVJ) landing has been used to identify predictors for ACL injury and to develop simplified surrogate prediction mod- els. 6,28 Target- ing female athletes who demonstrate high-risk lower limb joint mechanics likely improves the efficacy and efficiency of neuromuscular training. neuromuscular strategies employed during the execution of sports movements that manifest as altered frontal plane lower limb joint mechanics (increased motions and loads) increase the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in young female athletes. Tuck jump assessment for reducing anterior cruciate ligament injury risk. Figure reproduced from Myer GD, Ford KR, Hewett TE. The assessment was conducted for 10 sections, however, if the athlete demonstrated a sharp decline in technique during the allotted time frame, she was told to stop the exercise.
Additional instruction given to the athlete included directions to land softly, using a toe to midfoot rocker landing, and to land in the same footprint with each jump. Upon landing, the athlete was encouraged to immediately begin the next tuck jump to decrease downtime between each jump. The athlete was instructed to pull her thighs parallel to the ground at the peak of the jump. Take off was achieved by throwing her arms forward while simultaneously jumping vertically and pulling her knees upward. To initiate the jump, the athlete was instructed to build momentum by slightly crouching downward and swinging her arms backward into extension. To perform the tuck jump exercise, the athlete was instructed to start in an athletic position with her feet shoulder width apart (on lines marked 35 cm apart). The tuck jump assessment tool was utilized to score deficits during a jumping and landing movement sequence.
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